{"id":12053,"date":"2023-09-28T08:39:22","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T06:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stirnweiss-brenner.de\/crown-witness-regulation-who-can-become-a-crown-witness\/"},"modified":"2026-03-09T17:16:55","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T16:16:55","slug":"crown-witness-regulation-who-can-become-a-crown-witness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stirnweiss-brenner.de\/en\/guide\/crown-witness-regulation-who-can-become-a-crown-witness\/","title":{"rendered":"Crown Witness Regulation: Who Can Become a Crown Witness?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"12053\" class=\"elementor elementor-12053 elementor-7648\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13cec667 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13cec667\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-47a1b052\" data-id=\"47a1b052\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3577dd59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3577dd59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Movies and television often speak of crown witnesses. It often seems as though any accused person who can provide relevant information is automatically exempt from punishment. However, in reality, it is not that simple. The crown witness regulation is subject to strict legal requirements.   <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>While the crown witness regulation can help achieve immunity or a mitigation of the sentence, the accused should never provide information to the investigating authorities on their own in the hope of escaping punishment as a crown witness. In any case, detailed advice from an experienced criminal defense lawyer is necessary beforehand.  <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32660a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32660a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9688fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9688fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Are you being accused of a crime?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Contact our experienced criminal defense lawyers immediately. Through our expertise and years of professional experience, we have been able to help countless clients achieve success. We would be happy to advise you on the possibilities in your specific case. Contact us at any time!   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec060be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec060be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>What is a Crown Witness?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Crown witnesses are special <strong>witnesses<\/strong> in criminal proceedings. They disclose important information and testify in the proceedings of another defendant to prove their guilt. Crown witnesses are usually themselves charged as <strong>accomplices<\/strong> or for a <strong>related offense<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>Through the crown witness regulation, the accused have the opportunity to receive a <strong>mitigation of sentence<\/strong> or even <strong>immunity from prosecution<\/strong> in their own trial. By testifying against other defendants, they often make themselves personally vulnerable. Therefore, <strong>witness protection measures<\/strong> are also possible for them.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e01bffc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e01bffc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a73436 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a73436\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Gut zu wissen: <\/strong>The term &#8216;crown witness&#8217; is not a legal term, but has become established in colloquial language. Officially, the crown witness is a so-called <strong>investigation assistant<\/strong>. The term goes back to the British term <em>\u201cto give evidence for the crown,\u201d which means \u201cf\u00fcr die Krone aussagen\u201d in German. The background is that the crown witness acts for the state (often the public prosecutor&#8217;s office) and helps them solve a case.<\/em>   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d28a34d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d28a34d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Crown Witness Regulations: What the Accused Should Know<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In criminal law, there are various norms that determine the handling of crown witnesses. The decisive factor is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/stgb\/__46b.html\">Section 46b of the German Criminal Code (StGB)<\/a>, according to which courts can mitigate the sentence for crown witnesses in their own trial or refrain from punishment. <\/p>\n<p>There are several <strong>requirements<\/strong> for cooperating as a crown witness:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The crown witness must <strong>voluntarily<\/strong> disclose their knowledge of the offenses and<\/li>\n<li>contribute significantly to the <strong>uncovering of the offenses<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>which are <strong>connected<\/strong> to their own, or<\/li>\n<li>voluntarily disclose knowledge to an office in good time so that future <strong>crimes<\/strong> <strong>connected<\/strong> to their own offense can be <strong>prevented<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>In particular, the law enforcement authorities must thereby gain <strong>reliable information<\/strong> about the crimes and the perpetrators. A simple confession regarding one&#8217;s own contribution to the crime is not sufficient. The knowledge and statements must extend to the <strong>contributions<\/strong> of <strong>other participants<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, it must be a serious criminal offense according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/stpo\/__100a.html\">Section 100a (2) of the German Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO)<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Serious crime<\/li>\n<li>Organized crime<\/li>\n<li>Transaction and white-collar crime<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Mitigation of Sentence or Immunity: What Is Possible?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>If a life sentence is threatened for the offense committed by the crown witness, the prison sentence <strong>must not be less than 10 years<\/strong>. In this case, the mitigation of the sentence must not fall below this minimum prison sentence. <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>For offenses punishable by an increased minimum prison sentence, <strong>only aggravations for particularly serious cases<\/strong> and <strong>no mitigations<\/strong> are taken into account.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>For offenses punishable by <strong>fixed-term imprisonment<\/strong>, <strong>immunity from prosecution<\/strong> is possible. However, the prerequisite is that the crown witness has <strong>not incurred a prison sentence of more than 3 years<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h2><strong>Section 31 Statement: Crown Witness Regulation in Narcotics Law<\/strong> <\/h2>\n<p>Because crown witnesses are often viewed as \u201ctraitors,\u201d especially in organized crime, the term \u201c31er\u201d has become established. The term refers to <a href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/BtMG\/31.html\">Section 31 of the German Narcotics Act (BtMG)<\/a>, which regulates the <strong>crown witness rule in narcotics law<\/strong>. This makes it all the more important for crown witnesses in this area to receive special protection from the authorities, for example through a witness protection program.  <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Section 31 BtMG applies to drug offenses and is often also relevant in relation to <strong>organized crime<\/strong>. With the possibility of sentence mitigation or immunity, the crown witness regulation is intended to enable the conviction of so-called <strong>gangs<\/strong> and other criminal organizations. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>The acts may have taken place <strong>domestically<\/strong> or <strong>abroad<\/strong>. The requirements are similar to those in the Criminal Code: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>According to Section 31 sentence 1 no. 1 BtMG, the investigation assistant or crown witness must voluntarily disclose their knowledge regarding a <strong>criminal offense<\/strong> under Sections 29 to 30a BtMG that is connected to their own act, thereby contributing significantly to the <strong>success of the investigation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>According to Section 31 sentence 1 no. 2 BtMG, the accused must contribute to the <strong>prevention of a serious narcotics offense<\/strong> connected to their own act by voluntarily disclosing their knowledge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>Only then can a mitigation of sentence or immunity be considered in both cases.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h2><strong>Should I Confess Immediately as an Accused Person to Become a Crown Witness?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>To benefit from a mitigation of sentence or immunity, it is not sufficient for crown witnesses to testify only during the main trial. Knowledge of the crime must be disclosed <strong>before the opening of one&#8217;s own main proceedings<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>At the same time, however, the accused should <strong>not<\/strong> <strong>confess<\/strong> immediately or provide <strong>valuable information<\/strong> during the first interrogation. Anyone who readily discloses their knowledge not only incriminates themselves but also leaves no room for negotiation with the authorities regarding a crown witness arrangement. This can also have a negative impact on one&#8217;s own conviction.  <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>The accused should therefore be aware that their statements <strong>significantly influence the criminal trial<\/strong> and <strong>cannot simply be withdrawn<\/strong> afterwards. If you wish to benefit from the crown witness regulation, first consult with a <strong>specialized criminal defense lawyer<\/strong> about how to proceed. Until then, we recommend that all accused persons <strong>remain silent<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h2><strong>How should I behave as an accused person?<\/strong> <\/h2>\n<p>Regardless of whether the crown witness regulation makes sense in your case or not, we have compiled some important <strong>rules of conduct<\/strong> that every accused person should take to heart from the moment they become aware of the allegation. However, this is no substitute for individual legal advice. <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>It is important to always <strong>take seriously<\/strong> a criminal <strong>allegation<\/strong> made against you. When accused, suspects often fall into a kind of state of shock; nevertheless, you should not remain inactive. Simply <strong>waiting<\/strong> in the hope that the allegation will resolve itself only leads to <strong>valuable time<\/strong> passing that a <strong>criminal defense lawyer<\/strong> could use to prepare your defense. Be aware that the outcome of a trial is always <strong>uncertain<\/strong>, even if you consider yourself innocent.   <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>At the same time: <strong>Do not make any statements to the police<\/strong>. You are not obliged to comply with a summons from the police. Under no circumstances should you appear at the police station; instead, contact an experienced criminal defense lawyer who will support you in your case. After reviewing the files, you can decide together whether a statement makes sense.   <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>Otherwise, you run the risk of unwittingly incriminating yourself to the police and thus actively contributing to your own conviction. When contacting the investigative authorities, the following generally applies: Exercise your <strong>right to remain silent<\/strong> and demand your criminal defense lawyer. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-348332f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"348332f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ad1c32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ad1c32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> In contrast to summonses from the police, you must comply with <strong>summonses from the public prosecutor&#8217;s office<\/strong>. However, only appear here after prior legal <strong>advice<\/strong> or with <strong>legal representation<\/strong> to avoid incriminating yourself. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4c4d9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4c4d9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p> <\/p>\n<p>If a <strong>search<\/strong> occurs, behave cooperatively in any case, but do not actively help the officers with their work. Ask to see the search warrant and demand <strong>proper documentation of all seized items<\/strong>. It is best to note down our contact details, including our emergency number:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Call us without obligation: +49 (0)711 &#8211; 84 98 77 0<\/li>\n<li>Arrest\/House Search? +49 (0)151 61429000 (24h emergency service)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27bc987 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"27bc987\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-321a6a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"321a6a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>If you have learned of an allegation against you, you can contact our criminal defense lawyers immediately. <\/strong>We are happy to be at your disposal for an initial consultation at any time. We will support you in all steps to achieve the best possible result for you. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Movies and television often speak of crown witnesses. It often seems as though any accused person who can provide relevant information is automatically exempt from punishment. However, in reality, it is not that simple. The crown witness regulation is subject to strict legal requirements. &nbsp; While the crown witness regulation can help achieve immunity or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[73],"class_list":["post-12053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","tag-guide"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Crown Witness Regulation: Who Can Become a Crown Witness? - Stirnweiss | Brenner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"You are an offender, but you can contribute to the discovery or prevention of another criminal offense. 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In such cases, the crown witness regulation applies.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stirnweiss-brenner.de\/en\/guide\/crown-witness-regulation-who-can-become-a-crown-witness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Stirnweiss | Brenner Rechtsanw\u00e4lte\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StirnweissBrennerRechtsanwaelte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-09-28T06:39:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-09T16:16:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/stirnweiss-brenner.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/malik-earnest-xgxzqRpK0UE-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Paul F. 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